The vertical longitude lines are called meridians. Think of these as hula hoops cut in half, attached from one pole to the other. The longitude line numbers measure how far east or west of the prime meridian a place is.

This prime meridian line runs vertically, right over Greenwich, England, from the North Pole to the South Pole. It is numbered as 0 degrees longitude. Numbers increase the further away you move, up to 180 degrees. Longitude locations are given as __ degrees east or __ degrees west.