Date: 08/15/2017

Number: 1

In this part of Texas there is a variant in monarch genetics that has a certain population staying all summer on my property and using my 250,000 milkweed plants to reproduce. Basically after mid summer milkweed grass cutting my 10 acres of milkweed all comes up fresh. This population is part of a group which migrates only to Northern Texas and stops. Presently they are laying eggs until November on my plants. My guess is this genetic variation once was the entire monarch migration during the last ice age 12,000 years ago when the summer frost line came down to Oklahoma. There still is a group of them which is insurance against the next ice age. - Dr. Jim

Kaufman, TX

Latitude: 32.5 Longitude: -96.2

Observed by: James
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