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American Robin Migration Update: March 29, 2005

Today's Report Includes:


American Robin Migration Maps and Data
 
First Robins
Seen
Waves
of Robins
First Robins Heard Singing*

(map) (map) (map) (data)
*Recommended for mapping

“Woooo Hoooo! The Robins are back!” exclaimed a joyful observer in Rice Lake, Wisconsin. Indeed, the first full week of spring brought many reports of first robins, waves of robins, and singing robins. Can you see a clear migration pattern on the maps? Robins have moved and started singing a little farther north and a little farther inland, but we're still eagerly waiting for the big push north.
Macdoc, Ontario, Canada (March 21): “Ah - at last! While sitting outside with the maple sap boiling away, I heard the first robin at my farm for the year. Robins have been sighted in town (10 km away) for the last week, but this is our "first" and he was singing up a storm!”

Spring is in the air—even in places where snow is on the ground:
Chelmsford, MA (March 22) “Today I heard the robins' territorial song in my back yard. When I went outside to check on my tulips, I saw two or three male robins in the trees. I also spotted a robin on the ground, eating, in a small patch of bare ground. Most of the ground in my area is still covered with snow. Some more snow is expected tomorrow night. If the ground becomes totally covered again, I will put out raisins, soaked over night in water, to help the spring robins that have arrived in my yard. It's wonderful to have the robins singing, because the weather certainly isn't making it feel like spring,” said Holly Cerullo. And speaking of tulips. . .


Robins, Temperatures, and Tulips: Challenge Question #6
We were struck this week to see how similar two of our maps are; tulips are emerging and robins are singing in the same regions of North America. Then we took a look at the temperatures for this part of the continent.
Robins (First heard singing) Tulips Emerged
Compare and contrast this week's robins (first heard singing) with the tulip map.
Is it true that robins arrive when the isotherm (average temperature for a week) reaches 36 degrees F? What similarities can you see between robins singing, tulips emerging, and the average temperature?

Tulips need a temperature of at least 40 degrees for several days in a row in order to grow. And what about robins? Many of you have been testing a temperature theory (the 36-degree isotherm) about robins and spring migration. So, here’s your challenge:


Challenge Question #6:
" Look at the maps above and describe where robins are singing and where tulips are emerging this week. What reasons can you think of to explain the similar patterns? (HINT: What is it about the geography of North America that you think causes robins to sing and tulips to emerge at the same time?)"


(To answer this question, please follow the instructions below.)


Try This! Which Comes First?
Do you think you'll see your first tulip or hear your first robin first? Look and listen--then let us know!


Preen and Clean: Video Clip Observation Activity
In raw winter weather, or hot, dry summers, people often use skin lotion to help keep their skin soft and moisturized. Birds face the same challenges. For example, migration is the time to have feathers in tip-top flight condition. How do robins care for their feathers? Look at our video clips and you'll see! Journey North’s robin expert, Laura Erickson, tells you what to watch for and what it means. Why do birds preen only when they are relaxed and in a safe place?

Teacher Tip: Observations Lead to Questions/Cultivating Keen Observers
Scientific investigations typically begin with observations of something intriguing or baffling. In turn, observations inspire questions. As you observe the video clips, create a two-column “What I Observe/What I Wonder” chart in your science journal. Work through the following categories of questions to inspire deeper levels of observation:
Observations Lead to Questions: Cultivating Keen Observers


Robin on a Mission

Photo Wayne Kryduba

Robin on a Mission: "Journey North for Kids" Photo Study
"This is the first time this year I have heard a robin singing in my backyard," wrote an observer from Reston VA on March 23. "It was a cold, dreary day that was otherwise brightened by the cheerful strains of my red-breasted friend! Hope to hear much more from him in the coming weeks!” What do you suppose robins will be doing in coming weeks? This photo is a clue. What do you see in this picture? What do you assume is going on? What questions do you have? For a closer look, and to find out what WE think, see:

Robins will be doing many more things worth watching for in the coming days and weeks. Download and print this list and post it in a handy place. Knowing what to watch for can help you catch the excitement in your own backyard!


Photo J. Brophy
Your Turn as the Expert: Can You Move a Robin’s Nest?
“We recently discovered that a robin had built a nest in my daughter's 'fort' portion of her swing set. My husband looked a couple days ago and there was one egg in the nest. He removed the slide and the steps so that children will stay out of the 'fort' but the problem is we are moving in three weeks and the swing set will have to be dismantled and moved with us. What can we do? According to what I've learned by reading some of your information, the egg(s) will hatch by this time but it will still be too early for the baby birds to be out of the nest. Is there any way we can relocate this nest? Please help.”

How would YOU answer this reader’s question? What facts might you need to know before you can answer? Do some research and draft your answer. Then see what our expert has to say:

Early Spring Nest in Pine Tree.
Photo J. Brophy
Numbers of Nests: Challenge Question #7
The reader’s question above probably got you thining about the nests that will soon appear. (Their first nests might be in evergreen trees, because evergreens offer shelter and hiding before the leaves on the other trees appear.) In most places in the US and southern Canada, robins nest three or even four times a season. Even in the northern parts of their range, robins usually nest at least twice. That makes us wonder:


Challenge Question #7:
“ Why do you think robins nest so many times during a summer?”


(To respond to this question, please follow the instructions below.)


Tracking Temps and Robins: This Week’s Isotherm Map
We’ve invited you to test the theory that robins follow the 36- or 37-degree isotherm during migration. (The isotherm is an imaginary line that connects places having the same AVERAGE temps.) On March 23, we heard from observers in Pembroke, Ontario, Canada: “We have been waiting for the 2 degree isotherm in anticipation of sighting our first robin. The robins didn't wait for warmer temperatures. They showed up on a day when the temperatures were around 0 degrees Celsius, though very sunny. Our night temperatures are as low as minus 12 degrees Celsius. Those robins are tough critters. We are glad to see them in our neighbourhood.” So, how’s the theory holding up in YOUR region? Has the 37-degree isotherm moved in the past week?

Average Temperature in United States: Weeks ending March 19 and March 26, 2005.

Photos Courtesy of
NOAA Climate Prediction Center.
(No map available of entire continent.)


Just joining us? See how to calculate the isotherm for YOUR region so you can test whether robins travel with the isotherm:


News From the Northern Observation Posts (NOPs)
It sounds like winter came back to much of the north, from many of the latest NOP reports. But it hasn’t stopped robins in a few of the NOPS. Find out the latest news, and revisit (or make) your predictions for first robins in the NOPs, see:

Do you think this is a young robin or an older robin? Why?
Photo Wayne Kryduba
How Old is That Robin? Discussion of CQ #5
Last time we asked you to read our interview with a robin bander in order to answer this question: “What clues do bird banders use to tell the age of robins? Why is a robin’s age of interest to scientists?”

Justin did his homework and sent the right answer: “Robins are aged by the color of their feathers and beaks.” Bryan had thoughts about why scientists would be interested in a robin’s age: “My guess is that older birds might not make it as far as the younger ones on the annual migration. Maybe they want to find out where the "oldtimers" stop for the year.” What do YOU think?

Watch to see if you can tell how old your backyard robins are! Remember, our robin bander also told you this:


Feathers: The male is a darker orange on the breast than the female with a very black head. The female's head is more streaky. And young robins on their first journey south still are very streaked on the breast until into the spring.
Beaks: A young robin has a black beak. A full adult has a yellow beak with just a tip of black at the end of the beak.


How to Respond to Today's Challenge Questions:

IMPORTANT: Answer only ONE question in each e-mail message.

1. Address an e-mail message to: jn-challenge-robin@learner.org
2. In the Subject Line of your message write: Challenge Question #6 (OR #7).
3. In the body of EACH message, give your answer to ONE of the questions above.

The Next American Robin Migration Update Will be Posted on April 5 (data only).

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